Metro. Three lines, cheap, air-conditioned and immune to the traffic. Line 1 runs north–south through Downtown with stations at Sadat (Tahrir), Nasser, Mar Girgis (Coptic Cairo) and El-Malek El-Saleh. Line 2 serves Ataba and Giza. Line 3 runs east–west through Kit Kat and Opera on Gezira and out towards the airport.
The first two carriages are for women only and this is enforced.
Uber and Careem both operate and both work well — fixed prices, no negotiation, and much cheaper than the taxi rank. Get a local SIM or eSIM on arrival so you can book from where you stand.
Taxis are white and metered in principle. The opening price to a visitor will be high. Ride-hailing removes the problem.
Traffic is severe and unpredictable. Journeys take anywhere from a third to three times what a map suggests, and rush hour runs from about four to eight.
Crossing the road is a skill. Traffic does not stop; step out steadily, do not hesitate, do not run, and let cars flow around you. Cross beside a Cairene the first few times.
Walking works within districts and not between them.
Buses and microbuses are cheap and effectively impenetrable without Arabic.
Driving — do not. A driver for the day costs very little and is standard for Saqqara.
For the detail, see Getting Around Cairo.